22 November 2023. Opening with a close reading ofย Sally Rooneyโs Beautiful World, Where Are Youย (2021), this paper by Professor Paige Reynolds offers a new history of Irish womenโs writing, exposing the critical biases that have occluded our understanding of its intricate relationship with literary modernism. It will also lay out the conceptual framework for the stubborn mode of modernism. Stubborn modes are tried-and-true literary tactics that trigger a sense of recognition when readers encounter them, a constellation of traitsโincluding style, tone, forms, content, and historyโcommonly associated with a particular literary movement or school that travels across time. Composed of literary conventions, the stubborn mode of modernism in contemporary fiction sustains the aesthetic as well as the political impulses associated with the movementโs early history. By helping to remind readers of the sweep of history, the stubborn mode in Irish womenโs fiction underscores the durability of certain cultural problems, as well as calling attention to remedies previously imagined for them, whether the outcomes of those interventions have proven to be successful, unsuccessful, or (more likely, as seen across time) a measure of both.